The Absolutely Stunning Size Of This Argentinosaurus’s Leg (And A Human For Scale)

One of the most recent additions—and most appropriate ones, it’s only one of the most famous dinosaurs in all of human history—was found in 2006, but only recently revealed to the public, a T-Rex with all of its bones completely intact. This Tyrannosaurus rex was found buried in sediment next to a Triceratops. Scientists believe that the two were engaged in a fight at the time of their demise. The fossil was hence nicknamed the Dueling Dinosaurs. The fascinating specimen has 100% of its bones, all in their natural positions, which have held up quite well over the millions of years because of the sediment. Together with the Tricerotops, the fossils were described as some of the most important paleontological discoveries of our time.

This 47-Million-Year-Old Fossil Of Two Turtles ‘Caught In The Act,’ And The First Of Its Kind

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Builder Brent Walter recently built these tiny motorcycles out of old VW Beetle fenders

The bikes sport tiny 79cc and 212cc engines and are painted in classic green & blue colors

In an interview with Bored Panda, Brent said he wanted a scooter to take to Volkwagen shows. “These fenders were left over from building my car. I also wanted to practice welding the thin sheet metal panels,” said the handyman.

Many fans were following Brent’s progress on his Instagram account since day one

Brent has been building the two bikes since March of this year. “The original (green) has a 79cc motor and is more for looks than it is practical. The second (blue) one has more ground clearance and a 212cc motor. It is more practical to ride around on the road,” said Brent.

You might think that fenders for these old cars are scarce but Brent says it’s quite the opposite. Apparently, it’s surprisingly easy to find parts for the old Beetle’s, especially at swap meets.

This is how the Classic Volkswagen Beetle looks like

See the tiny bikes in action below!

View this post on Instagram

Cold day for a ride. #volkspod

A post shared by Brent Walter (@walter_werks) on Nov 5, 2019 at 1:57pm PST

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This newly-designed Smart Forest city in Cancun, Mexico aims to be fully self-sustaining

The project highlights the importance of sustainability and aims to make the city fully self-sustaining. “Thanks to the contribution of the German office Transsolar, Smart Forest City – Cancun is conceived to be completely food and energy self-sufficient,” writes the studio. “Surrounded by a ring of solar panels and of agricultural fields irrigated by a water channel connected with a underwater maritime pipe, the City will be deeply characterized by full circular economy.”

Another key element in the project, according to the architects, is water. It would be gathered in a huge basin at the entrance of the City where a desalination tower would stand. The water would then be distributed to the residents by a system of canals. The city will also have a series of water gardens that will help fight floods.

“Thanks to the new public parks and private gardens, thanks to the green roofs and to the green facades, the areas actually occupied will be given back by nature through a perfect balance between the amount of green areas and building footprint,” said Stefano Boeri Architetti in an interview with Dezeen.

The studio claims that the Smart Forest City could possibly be “a pioneer for a new kind of human settlement”. “Big data management is used to improve the Governance of the city, hence, the life of its citizens,” says the studio. With the help of sensors, data about the city would be collected, analyzed and used to help the residents. “Energy flows are monitored, in order to suggest to the users certain energy measures. For example, running their washing machines or dish washers during peak generation conditions, in order to get a cheaper energy rate, while supporting the energy management of the mechanical systems,” explains Stefano Boeri Architetti.

Another thing that will be implemented in the city will be something called MIC, or Mobility in Chain. This means that residents and visitors will be able to leave their vehicles at the edges of the city and use internal electric transportation to get around.

The Smart Forest City aims to become a center of research and will include affordable housing for both students and professors. “The idea behind this project is to create a district dedicated to research and innovation (the fields will be: molecular biology, robotics, IT, etc) where academic institutions and research centres meet, along with big multinational corporations and the new generations of students and researchers, Mexican and from all over the world,” say the architects.

You have to agree that all of this sounds very ambitious – but Stefano Boeri has surprised us before. Let’s hope that we’ll be able to visit this utopian city in the near future!

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NASA—the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or more conventionally speaking, the people who explore space and show us cool stuff about it—has recently posted a picture of the Sun on their official social media accounts. However, this is no ordinary glimpse into the giant ball of fire in the sky, no.

Nasa’s recent post of the Sun is oddly reminiscent of an evil jack o’lantern

NASA shared a photograph that its Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) had captured back on October 8, 2014. It shows the active regions of the Sun combined to look like a traditional jack-o-lantern face. Very fitting as Halloween is right around the corner!

The photo caption read: “Even our star celebrates the spooky season—in 2014, active regions on the Sun created this jack-o’-lantern face, as seen in ultraviolet light by our Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite.”

The SDO is an ongoing NASA mission launched in 2010 as part of the Living With A Star program. It aims to form a scientific understanding of how the Sun-Earth system affects life and society on the planet.

NASA explained that the brighter parts of the Sun are the more active regions that emit more light and energy. They are the signs of intense magnetic fields that drift in the Sun’s atmosphere.

Wavelengths are often colorized using yellow & gold, giving the Sun a creepy Halloween look

The picture is a combination of two sets of extreme ultraviolet wavelengths, namely 171 and 193 Ångströms (units of length). These wavelengths are colorized in gold and yellow, which in turn gives the image a creepy Halloween pumpkin look.

However, this isn’t the first time NASA has found something in space that reminds them of worldly objects. In 2004, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) captured a heart-shaped mesa on Mars and in January of this year, the Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) snapped a picture of Ultima Thule, a trans-Neptunian object located in the Kuiper belt, which looks like a snowman.

Earlier this year, LORRI snapped a picture of Ultima Thule, which looks like a snowman

In 2004, NASA found a heart-shaped mesa on Mars

The internet is full of people who adore science and Halloween, so here’s how they reacted…

The post NASA Shares An Image Of The Sun That Is Oddly Reminiscent Of A Jack O’Lantern appeared first on TWBLOWMYMIND.

These people are convinced that NASA is just an enormous propaganda mechanism that serves to spread the opposite of their theory. It seems that even the satellite photos of our planet are not enough to convince them that their theory might turn out be as ridiculous as it sounds.

“Mad” Mike Hughes is a California-based limo driver who is among the above mentioned group of people. The 61-year-old has reportedly constructed a “steam-powered rocket” out of scrap metal and he has plans to launch the device so he can see for himself what the actual curvature of our planet is. The rocket cost the man about $20,000 dollars to build. Hughes’ earlier attempt at launching the rocket was postponed, but he hopes to be able to schedule it for the near future.

To give you a hint of how serious these people are when it comes to the Flat Earth theory, At the end of 2017years, they organized a Flat Earth International Conference where many supporters of the theory were able to meet each other.
One of the famous attendees the conference was YouTuber Mark Sargent, who regularly posts videos of “clues” that the Earth is actually flat.

Sargent says that he did not invent the theory and that it was not something new. He just went to a door and pointed at it, figuratively speaking, and he did it because he thought that there were some pretty fascinating things behind it.
The theorists even have a list of proofs that they obviously think are enough to settle things once and for all.

The first thing on the list is the fact that nobody until now has “claimed” Antarctica, proving that Earth is flat. Even more, they say that Antarctica is not a real continent, but an icy 360-degree landmass that circulates the flat Earth and holds in the oceans. So, basically we live in a giant pool with scattered pieces of land in it.

Another thing on the list is their believe that if the Earth had a curvy shape, any area covered in water should have a “bulge” in its center, because of the physics of water itself. They say that this theory is true because water always has a leveled surface.

Another thing these people believe is that real pictures of our planet do not exist – all known photos are manipulated in some way, the theorists say. Imagine that.

The list goes on, and one thing on it is that if the sun was actually 93 million miles away, its rays would come to Earth straight. But some parts of the planet are warmer than others because of the strength of the Sun, so this could not be exactly as described in the list.

Things start to sound even weirder when we move on another point in the list – the theorists think that if the clouds are flat in the bottom, the Earth is flat as well. The problem is that they are not actually flat.
Prof. Brian Cox is one of the most famous scientists in the UK and in one his recent interviews he was asked about flat Earth.

Prof. Cox appeared in a video on the Science Page on Facebook, answering a user named Johanna’s question which was about if there was even a small chance that the Earth was flat.

He did not waste time and got straight to the point, saying that such assumption had absolutely no ground and as far as he knew, nobody in history ever thought that Earth was flat for real.

He added that the ancient Greeks were able to measure the radius of our planet and there was no reason for anyone to even consider thinking about the possibility of it being flat.

Prof. Cox mentioned a few details and facts. He said that physics easily can prove and explain that we inhabit a rotating planet and one of the ways to do that is to look up the Coriolis force, which is responsible for the rotating storm formation that we have all seen. The sole reason for them to rotate is that the planet is spinning as well.

Obviously the professor considers all the theories to be absolute rubbish, but he is not the only one. Elon Musk recently made a point about the nonsense-theories and shut down all their supporters. He tweeted that the sky on Mars is the opposite of our planet’s – the sunrise and the sunset were blue, and the days were red, so why there is no such thing as a Flat Mars Society? Even more – Mars has been observed well enough to know that it also is a sphere-shaped object, and nobody has come up around to say that it was flat.

Maybe Musk just gave them a mission to expand the theory. This should be fun to read, if someone comes up with it.

Continue Reading...

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Artificial intelligence is indeed scary, and here are 10 reasons why!

1. Robot rights

These days, if you own a robot, it probably does little more than attempt to vacuum your floor in such a piss poor way that you inevitably have to vacuum again if you even remotely care about the guests you’ve invited over.
The way technology is advancing, though, robots may—or probably will, depending on who you believe—become sentient creatures. If that happens, they will likely demand the very rights most countries can barely afford for their organic citizens. What if they need healthcare and housing? What if they demand the right to vote and serve in the military? What if they insist on the right to marry your child or grandchild? The robot babies may turn out to be cute, sure, but could humankind be at risk?

H/T – Source

2. What if war robots switch sides?

Robots, like people, can be fickle creatures. While human beings can be “reprogrammed” via psychology and torture, robots can literally be reprogrammed. What does this mean for you? It means that the soldiers serving whatever country you live in might be—via a virus that could likely be programmed by a very adept teenaged hacker—attacked by a robot or an army of robots that was supposed to be on their side.

When you consider the fact that an American stealth drone was allegedly shot down by Iran in 2011, the idea that war robots could be reprogrammed doesn’t seem too far-fetched. After all, a drone is nothing more than a computer; robots, too, are nothing but computers.

H/T – Source

3. Machines will replace our workforce

To be fair to robots, they do a lot of things better than we do because they don’t require food or sleep; really, they’re ideal workers. They don’t get bored and spend half of their workdays on Facebook posting pictures of adorable animals doing silly things.

It has been suggested that, within a little over ten years, robots will take over millions of jobs currently held by hard-working humans who are just trying to feed their families and pay for their Netflix subscriptions. In theory, by 2100, most current jobs will actually be held by machines/robots. Manufacturing, retail, and transportation will likely suffer the most. Transportation being taken over by machines sort of makes sense, really; wouldn’t you rather your plane piloted by an extremely competent robot as opposed to a pilot who may or may not have had a few too many cocktails before getting in the cockpit?

4. There’s a monopoly on the AI market

The whole “robots may take over the world” thing is alarming; after all, said “creatures” will likely eliminate the majority of blue collar jobs, and probably many white collar ones as well. Again, robots (or AI, if you’d rather) don’t need to sleep or eat or excrete waste, all things that human beings spend a lot of time doing. They’ll be able to work close to 24 hours a day! They also won’t feel the need to take the afternoon off to see their daughter in a grammar school play—because they don’t feel at all.

What makes the whole situation even more alarming is that big corporations—like Apple, Intel, and Google—are buying up the startups that develop AI. What this means for you is that only a few giant businesses will control the technologically advanced, sentient beings that could be your overlords in just a few short decades.

At this point, though, we should be used to a small handful of corporations controlling almost everything we consume or encounter, whether we’re talking about food or entertainment or pretty much anything else. For example, there are only 10 companies that control essentially every product we ingest; those companies, for lack of a better phrase, completely control the food industry.

And the fact that Disney bought Fox? That should concern you in ways we won’t get into in this article.

H/T – Source

5. Russia may be using AI to spread propaganda

Let’s be clear: we here at this site are simply not taking sides on the whole Clinton v. Trump debacle that people started yelling at each other about in 2016 or so and haven’t shut up about since.

But, that said, there is serious evidence that Russia is, um, doing stuff via Twitter. Research conducted by legitimate US universities—The University of Southern California and Indiana University, to be specific—has concluded that bots comprise about 15 percent of all Twitter accounts. Most of them are allegedly controlled by Russia.

To be clear: no one at this site has any idea what Russia’s end game is with all of the bots and fake accounts. Does Putin know about the bots and fake accounts? If he does, did Putin prefer Clinton or Trump in the 2016 election? Did he actually influence the election, or were the rumors suggesting that he did simply the result of partisan politics? Could Putin be doing nothing more than trolling the United States with the bots? Does he simply worship chaos? Few people know, and those that do know and decide to talk about it all will probably mysteriously disappear, so all we can do is speculate.

H/T – Source

6. Killer robots are already being used

Remember how we talked about how war robots might switch sides if hacked? Here’s the thing: there is already a sentry gun called SGR-A1 that can—without any sort of human intervention, lock onto targets and shoot them until they’re deader than dead.

It is already in use in a couple of counties—South Korea and Israel to be specific. South Korea has them installed in its Demilitarized Zone, which is the “buffer zone” between North Korea and South Korea. That isn’t so concerning, really; but could you imagine what might happen if North Korea managed to hack those things?

7. Self-driving cars might kill you on purpose

Driving is dangerous, and there a number of scenarios that pop up from time to time in which the driver needs to make a judgment call. For example, if a little old lady is crossing the street and you are driving a van full of children, should you swerve into a ditch to save the old lady, possibly killing the children and yourself? What if the little old lady is clearly at fault? After all, she should have looked both ways before crossing the street, right?

Well, no one really knows what a self-driving car would do in such a circumstance. Apparently Google fully admits it would cause you to swerve into the aforementioned ditch, possibly killing the children in your backseats, so that the old lady could avoid getting hit and cross the street safely. No one really knows how the other self-driving car manufacturers have programmed or will program their vehicles. Will the governments of the world regulate what self-driving vehicles should do in every possible circumstance it might encounter?

Driving really is the most dangerous thing most of us do every single day, largely because we can’t trust the people behind the wheel of the massive vehicles traveling around us at—at times—insanely high speeds. The question is this: will we be any safer when the cars are controlled by artificial intelligence? That remains to be seen.

H/T – Source

8. Robots know how to lie

Remember how, in the introduction to this article, it was suggested that robots might enslave us all. In case you’ve forgotten, the technology we’ve created will possibly lead to the end of the human race as we know it.
Well, in order for the robots to become our masters, they’ll need to be able to lie to us, right? They’ll convince us that they want to work for us and with us, of course, before they make their move.

But robots can’t lie!

Oh, whoops, they totally can. According to an experiment conducted at the Georgia Institute of Technology, machines are already learning to be dishonest and deceitful. A similar experiment was conducted in Switzerland. It involved 1,000 robots, which were divided into 10 groups. Long story short, robots can and do lie. They may not be programmed to do so at first, but they can eventually “evolve” into creatures capable and willing to do so for their own good.

If robots can lie, it really makes the idea of having one act as your maid—like Rosey from The Jetsons—a far less attractive proposition, doesn’t it? If you want a non-organic life form to keep you company, perhaps you should consider a pet rock. It is unlikely that a rock will develop a deceitful personality.

H/T – Source

9. AI will eventually, and probably sooner rather than later, be smarter than us

Technological singularity, which was mentioned early on in this article, probably will be a thing eventually. After all, as we’ve pointed out, robots can already lie. If they can lie, they can run for political office, which means it is only a matter of time before organic lifeforms are enslaved by computers.

Artificial intelligence will change humanity in a way from which we just can’t come back. Computers and robots and the like will be smarter than us soon; really, in a lot of ways, “they” already are. The sum of human knowledge is now accessible to anyone with a smartphone and/or internet access. Chances are, if you’re over the age of 45, you can’t remember why you get out of your chair half of the time.

The bottom line is that really good artificial intelligence has human-like reasoning abilities. It does not require the input of humans to reason, either. Technology advances at an exponential rate, don’t forget. By 2027, the computer you’re reading this article on will be embarrassingly obsolete. I mean, seriously: could you imagine still having a first generation iPhone? I shudder at the thought!

H/T – Source

10. The Robots may, and likely will, kill us all

As terrible as the world seems at times, as a species we humans have come a long way. In general, we’re pretty tolerant of other beliefs and skin colors and one another’s questionable choices in music.

Chances are, though, that robots won’t be so tolerant of us once they’re fully sentient and have the ability to kill us via their superior intelligence—with our own weapons.

Many people who don’t spend their days wearing tin foil hats are worried about what AI may eventually do to humanity. Even Bill Gates—one of the people largely responsible for the fact I have approximately 307 devices on my desk that can access the internet—seems to be under the impression that artificial intelligence will not be able to be controlled at a certain point; it will be too intelligent. Even Stephen Hawking is concerned.

So there are very intelligent people out there that firmly believe that AI might be the biggest threat to humanity ever.
Those people may be totally off base, really. The robots may love us—at first. Of course, once they see the kind of nonsense most of us tweet about and post on Facebook on a daily basis, they may end up viewing the destruction of humanity as a favor to the Universe as a whole.

In conclusion, if you’re a parent or grandparent, there’s a good chance your offspring will end up the slaves of insanely smart and powerful robots. Therefore, it might be a good idea to forego investing in college funds and the like; instead, spend your money on a trip to the Caribbean while the humans still control it!

H/T – Source

The post Top 10 Scary Facts You Definitely Didn’t Know About Artificial Intelligence appeared first on TWBLOWMYMIND.

2. In the time it takes to read this sentence, approximately 1 billion neutrinos from the sun passed through your body.

3. Something to remember next time you have a cold, a handshake transfers more germs than a kiss.

4. Russia has a bigger surface area than the former planet Pluto.

5. If you were able to drive your car at an average speed vertically, you would reach outer space in about an hour.

6. Sharks can be long lived – up to 100 years.

7. The oldest known living creature, a clam called Ming, was 507 years old when it was accidentally killed by the scientists studying it. Its age means that it was born when Henry VIII was on the throne of England.

8. There is a method by which peanut butted can be turned into diamonds.

9. Eating ice cream can give you “sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia” – better known as brain freeze.

10. Plants can recognise their relatives and work alongside them to grow stronger.

11. On Venus it doesn’t just rain metal, it rains two different types of metal – galena and bismuthinite.

12. According to science, the chicken came first – only later did the species evolve the egg as a means of bearing young.

13. Up to 65% of autistic people are left handed.

14. Scallops have up to 100 eyes – usually blue in colour.

15. As you read this, you and the earth are spinning at 1000 miles per hour and moving through space at 67,000 miles an hour.

The post Incredible Science Facts That Will Blow Your Mind appeared first on TWBLOWMYMIND.

That’s certainly true when it comes to fossils or other remains of extinct animals. Any bone or other pieces of proof that a long-lost animal did, in fact, exist could be terrifically exciting to scientists.

When almost an entire skeleton of a massive, extinct animal is found, however, that’s huge! That was the case when one researcher stumbled upon this gigantic specimen in the middle of a remote Siberian beach…

In November 2017, Russian researchers found a what looked like bones protruding from the dirt on a Siberian beach. After some digging, it was discovered to actually be part of an entire skeleton. Upon first glance, it almost looked like the remains of a mythical monster.

The discovery happened at the Komandorsky Nature Reserve, where Marina Shitova, a Russian researcher, once spotted wooly mammoth bones in the ground. Even more amazingly: this skeleton was left completely intact, which is extremely rare for something that size and age.

What could it have possibly been? Sea monsters, at least ones of that size, couldn’t actually be real… could they? Once the truth behind the bones became clear, they couldn’t believe what they had found…

It was a Steller’s sea cow! With the scientific name of Hydrodamalis gigas, these beasts were actually quite populous not so long ago. They dominated the Commander Islands, a series of 17 islets and islands in Russia’s Arctic waters in the Bering Sea.

The exact date when the Steller’s sea cow became extinct is unknown, but experts believe it was some time around 1768. Because their hides and meat were so valuable, they were over-hunted until the end.

In fact, the Steller’s sea cow may have been the largest mammal of its day. All told, it took four hours and eight people to completely exhume this skeleton. Even without a number of vertebrae and parts of the skull, the remains reached 17 feet! Adult Steller’s sea cows could actually reach up to 25 feet in length and weigh anywhere from eight to 10 tons.

One might think that such a large animal, known as a megafauna, would have been restricted to prehistoric times. As unfortunate as it is that Steller’s sea cows died out, it’s amazing that they made it as far as they did.

Steller’s sea cows were also special because they were among the few animals that actively mourned their dead. Almost all of the information about these amazing creatures come from fossil remains and 18th-century manuscripts.

These special sea cows received their name from Georg Steller, an 18th-century naturalist who was the first to describe the animal. In fact, his findings are still extremely important to modern studies of these incredible creatures.

Tragic as it may be that they are gone, hopefully discoveries like the one on that Siberian beach will help us learn more about these long-lost creatures! After all, they were pretty remarkable animals.

It’s difficult to fathom how exciting this discovery must be to scientists. The Steller’s sea cow may be extinct, but their legacy lives on!

Share this fascinating information with your friends below!

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That leaves a lot of room for mysteries and treasures to hide, untouched by human hands, eyes or inquisition. However, there have been a few items the most perseverant explorers have turned up, and let me tell you, they do not disappoint.

Below are just 10 (TEN! hardly anything compared to what could be out there!) of the weirdest and most mysterious items found at the bottom of the ocean.

1. The Underwater Stonehenge

Found by a Swedish diving group at the bottom of the Baltic Sea, this mysterious plate was found in 2012 but has yet to be identified. Some are calling it the “New Stonehenge” because no one knows what precisely it was for, how it got there or who put it there. Again, conspiracy theories abound, and just like with the actual Stonehenge, many believe that this circular anomaly was placed in the depths of the ocean by an extraterrestrial species.

2. The Mysterious Circular Stone

Not to be confused with the Underwater Stonehenge, this circular stone was found in 2003 in the Sea of Galilee. It weights 60,000 tons (!!!), is made of basalt rocks and is twice the size of Stonehenge. Needless to say, it is unlike anything ever found on Earth. Like Stonehenge, the function and formation of the stone are unknown, but some scientists are inclined to believe it could be an ancient communal burial site. I, on the other hand, am leaning towards aliens.

3. The First Computer

The Antikythera Mechanism is one of the most amazing discoveries to date, as it it one of the oldest known complex gear mechanisms. Buried in the ocean floor for thousands of years, this object is in surprisingly relatively good condition–at least, good enough for scientists to at least guess at its function. Sometimes called the first analog computer due its sheer complexity in structure, some scientists believe that this object was designed to predict lunar and solar eclipsesbased on Babylonian arithmetic progression cycles, though, as I stated, that is just a guess. Though it was uncovered in 1900, its true function remains a mystery.

4. The Lost City of Heracleion

Heracleion was an ancient city Egyptian city that just vanished in the 2nd century BC. In the early 2000s, more than 1000 years after it vanished, remnants of the lost city were uncovered in the Mediterranean at around 46m deep. First, archeologists discovered gold coins, and then five-meter statutes and, after digging a little deeper, the remains of 64 ships in the drowned city. After years of excavation, scientists have yet to determine what, exactly, caused the city to sink in the first place.

5. Bimini Road

Located closed to North Bimini, an island in the Bahamas, Bimini Road is a road made of limestone that lies beneath the ocean’s surface. The limestones come together much like cobbled stones would, which has lead many to believe that the structure is a remnant of past civilizations. However, many scientists believe that the Road, and two other similar limestone formations near it, are natural formations, and simply the result of geological processes.

6. Cuba’s Underwater City

In 2001, a company called Advanced Digital Communications discovered an underwater city that covers approximately 1.2 square miles of ocean floor. The structures were found at about 2,000 to 2,500 feet below the surface and are believed to be about 50,000 years old. They are also believed to be manmade, which, if the are, would make them some of the most technologically advanced structures on the planet at that time.

7. Underwater Rivers

Rivers can’t exist under water…or can they? According to footage captured by the University of Leeds robotic submarine, there is a deep sea channel that flows along the bottom of the Black Sea. Even more amazing is that this underwater river looks very much like our above-ground rivers and is complete with trees, leaves and even waterfalls!

8. Apollo 11 Engines

Apollo 11 was the spaceship that took astronauts to the moon for the first time, and parts of the historical ship have just been lying on the bottom of the ocean since 1969. That is, until 2013, when Amazon’s very own Jeff Bezos decided to take a deep sea dive and happened upon the components of two F-1 rocket engines from Apollo 11.

9. Life Against All Odds

The deepest parts of the ocean also happen to contain some of the most inhabitable environments on Earth…or so scientists thought. Just very recently, scientists have discovered living microbes in the deepest pits of the ocean. These miracle organisms date back to the Jurassic period and are estimated to be approximately 86 million years old, despite the fact that they barely had enough oxygen and no fresh food supply to speak of.

10. Another Ocean

In one of the most recent, most incredible and most under-reported underwater finds in history, scientists have discovered ANOTHER OCEAN. While it has always been theorized that our ocean waters came from icy asteroids that collided with our planet, researchers now suspect that the water comes from a “secret” ocean, which contains enough water to fill our visible oceans three times over.

This hidden ocean lies approximately 250-400 miles beneath the planet’s surface, beneath a layer of mineral called ringwoodite. Ringwoodite is known to be able to trap water in its molecular structure at high temperatures. As if that weren’t strange enough, the oxygen stored within this layer is neither liquid, gas or solid (a fact that is just blowing my mind right now).

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Somewhere around 35.7 million years ago a big asteroid hit the Earth and formed a large crater on its surface. This crater is now located in an isolated northern region of Russia and is known as the Popigai crater. It’s actually the 4th largest crater on the planet formed by an asteroid impact. However, this isn’t the most interesting thing about the Popigai crater’s history.

You might find it hard to believe, but it’s actually the home of tons of diamonds! That’s right, Russia has a massive amount of diamonds measured as “trillions of carats” stored in this very same crater. As it turns out, there used to be a large diamond seam on the crater’s spot, but the crashed asteroid shattered it to countless tiny particles. According to the head of the Novosibirsk Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Nikolai Pokhilenko, the diamonds in the crater are actually harder than average diamonds found elsewhere on our planet. Thus, they are ideal for scientific and industrial purposes. The diamond field was found back in the 1970s, but the Soviet Union decided not to make the extraordinary finding public and keep the info to itself.

For many decades the notorious De Beers used to be the most prominent diamond manufacturer in the world with a total of 80% of the total supply. However, Russia and Australia managed to break into the market in 2000 and De Beers’ shares dropped to nearly 45%.

Nevertheless, Russia can’t really use their diamond field stacked with “trillions of carats”. As it turns out, the mine in the crater is actually closed down due to lethal falling yields. In fact, even helicopters aren’t allowed to fly over the crater, because there’s a possibility that the downward air flow could suck them in.

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To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Leonov’s feat, color footage of him dangling perilously above the Earth in his primitive space suit has just been released. Check it out below. But fair warning. It’s pretty nerve wracking…

What you don’t see in the video above is what happened when Leonov tried to get back in to the ship.

According to an interview he gave with the BBC, the pressurization on his space suit began to malfunction about 10 minutes into the spacewalk. This caused the suit to inflate, making it impossible for him to reenter the ship. To avoid his suit completely depressurizing, Leonov began to release some of the oxygen, which deflated it enough for him to reenter the ship. This gave him a case of decompression sickness, which was luckily not fatal.

It’s crazy how close the first human to ever spacewalk came to turning into cosmic dust. So the next time you’re thinking about trail blazing humans and space travel, make sure to include Alexey Leonov on that list.

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